A2 RW Ch5 L2 · Spatial Order & Adverbs of Frequency

Phần 1/6 · Skill A · which spatial expression? · câu 1–4

📘 Học trước khi làm · Skill · Spatial order

Writing skill

Spatial order 🧭 — paint the picture

Tả theo TRẬT TỰ KHÔNG GIAN: từ ngoài vào trong, từ trái sang phải.

Spatial order is a way to describe where things are located, so your reader can picture them.

➡️

left → right

⬇️

top → bottom

↔️

inside → outside

🔄

clockwise

from the main object

🧭 SPATIAL EXPRESSIONS

above · across (from) · at the bottom of · behind · below · in front of · next to · over · on top of · to the left / right · under

💡 TIP

Think about what your reader would notice first. Then describe everything else in relation to that object. If nothing stands out, go left→right or top→bottom.

Game · point to the right word

Which spatial expression? 🧭

Thử kỹ năng vừa học trên vài ví dụ ngắn.

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

1The clock is ___ the door, so you have to look up to see it. A · belowB · aboveC · behind

2My school is ___ the park — just cross the street and you are there. A · across fromB · on top ofC · under

3The cat is hiding ___ the sofa, so I can't see it from the front. A · next toB · on top ofC · behind

4Put the lamp ___ the bed so you can read at night. A · underB · next toC · far from

Phần 2/6 · Model A · Maya Ruins at Tulum · câu 5–7

Model · read, then answer

“Maya Ruins at Tulum”

Bài mẫu — đọc, tự gạch chân các cụm chỉ vị trí, rồi trả lời ba câu.

Read the model. Underline the spatial expressions — on your own.

On the southeast coast of Mexico is a town called Tulum. There you can see many wonderful Maya ruins that look even more impressive because they are next to the sea. This photo shows a Maya structure built on top of huge rocks. The temple is the highest point in this photo, and only the blue sky and clouds are above it. To the left of the temple are palm trees and more rocks. To the right of the temple is the Gulf of Mexico. Behind the temple, you might be able to see the roof of a hotel. This hotel is across the water from the Maya ruins and is a popular place for many tourists to stay. You can learn a lot about the Maya civilization if you visit Tulum.

5To the right of the temple is ___ . A · palm trees and more rocksB · the Gulf of MexicoC · the blue sky

6Behind the temple, you might see the roof of a . (ONE WORD ONLY from the model)

7How does the writer organise the description? A · from the temple (the main object) to the things around itB · from left to right onlyC · from top to bottom

Which sentence is the main idea?

Phần 3/6 · Grammar B · Find the error · câu 8–11

📘 Học trước khi làm · Grammar · adverbs of frequency

Grammar for writing

Adverbs of frequency 🧩

Trạng từ tần suất: always, usually, sometimes, never — và chỗ đứng của chúng.

They tell the reader how often something happens.

📊 How often?

always — 100% of the time
usually — 90%
often — 75%
sometimes — 50%
rarely — 20%
never — 0%

📍 Where does it go?

AFTER the verb be → I am sometimes late for work. · I am rarely late for class.
BEFORE most other verbs → I always drink coffee in the morning. · I often have juice with breakfast.
Usually and sometimes can also start the sentence → Usually I have cereal. · Sometimes I am late.

Game 2 · Choose the correct order

Put the adverb in the right place ⛓

Chọn thứ tự đúng cho trạng từ trong mỗi câu.

Choose the correct order. Ask: is the verb be (→ after) or another verb (→ before)?

8Civil engineers careful when building bridges, because one small mistake might have big consequences.

9You should a civil engineer that something is impossible to design.

10Many civil engineers work both inside and outside, so they to be prepared for chilly or rainy weather.

11When they are at a building site, civil engineers around without a hard hat.

Phần 4/6 · 📖 Roebling · read to write · câu 12–16

The Roebling Family: Engineers of the Brooklyn Bridge

1It was the winter of 1866 in New York City, and the East River was frozen. This river separates Brooklyn from Manhattan. At that time, the 400,000 residents of Brooklyn usually crossed the river by ferry. But when it was too cold and the river froze, the ferries never ran, and people couldn’t go to work. City officials decided it was time to fix the problem, so they called on John Roebling, a civil engineer living in New Jersey.

2Roebling had a plan to build the longest suspension bridge in the world. The towers started deep under water and rose to 84 meters (276 ft) above the river. Four giant steel cables, stretching from the west side to the east side, helped support the deck (road). Hundreds of other wires were attached to those cables and went down to the deck for extra support. This design was approved, but John Roebling never got to see the bridge. He was injured in an accident, developed a deadly infection, and died. His son, Washington, took over. But in 1870 he, too, was forced to stop because of a work accident.

3Luckily, Washington Roebling’s wife, Emily, was interested in engineering. Although her husband couldn’t leave his bed, he gave Emily instructions for what to do. She always took careful notes, went to the construction site, ordered the materials, and managed everything until the bridge was finished in 1883. This was remarkable for an American woman at that time.

4Today, more than 100,000 people travel across that bridge each day for work and fun. And although sometimes the East River freezes in the winter, it never stops people from getting to work.

Questions 12–16

Questions 12–15 · Multiple choice

Choose the correct letter

12Sentence 3 of Paragraph 1 means that ___ .

A · people in Brooklyn crossed the river by ferry every day of the year

B · the ferry was the most popular way to get to Manhattan

C · most people in Brooklyn preferred to drive to Manhattan

13Sentence 5 of Paragraph 2 means that John Roebling ___ .

A · died before the bridge was built

B · lost his eyesight

C · gave up on the project

14From Paragraph 3, the reader can assume Emily took careful notes ___ of the time.

A · 100 percent

B · 90 percent

C · 60 percent

15Paragraph 4 suggests the river turns to ice ___ of the time in winter.

A · 90 percent

B · 75 percent

C · 50 percent

Question 16 · Complete the sentence

Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER from the passage

16The bridge was finished in .

Phần 5/6 · EXTRA · Grammar C · Adverb hunt · câu 17–20

📘 Học trước khi làm · 📖 Vocabulary strategy · suffixes

📖 Vocabulary strategy

Word families with suffixes 🔗

Cách đoán nghĩa từ mới mà không cần tra từ điển.

A word family = words with the same root: act → actor · active · action · activity · actively. A suffix changes the part of speech.

📦 NOUN suffixes

-ment = the act or state of → assignment · enjoyment
-ion = an action or process → construction · education
-ness = a state of being → darkness · happiness
-er = a person who does it → builder · designer

⚡ VERB suffixes

-ize = to cause or become → legalize · socialize · summarize
-en = to become → frighten · harden · strengthen

🎨 ADJECTIVE suffixes

-ful = full of → beautiful · skillful · wonderful
-less = without → careless · homeless · powerless
-able = able to be → comfortable · valuable

🏃 ADVERB suffix

-ly = how or how much → badly · quickly · suddenly
Careful: not all suffixes fit all words — learn the common ones.

⭐ In your vocabulary journal, write the whole family — not just one word. care · careful · carefully · careless

Game 3 · 🕵️ adverb hunt — find all 4!

“The Brooklyn Bridge”

Tìm 4 trạng từ chỉ tần suất trong đoạn văn.

The Brooklyn Bridge is a famous landmark in New York City. Whenever I visit New York, I always cross this bridge, which connects Brooklyn to Manhattan. Sometimes, I ride my bike on its bike path, but on sunny days, I like to walk. From the bridge, I can see New York City’s many skyscrapers—tall buildings pointing to the sky. Other tourists are usually walking across the bridge and taking pictures, too. Under the bridge is the East River, which is too dirty for swimming but perfect for sightseeing boats. I have never taken a ride on one of these boats, but it looks like another fun way to see the city that never sleeps.

Now choose the adverb the writer used:17Sentence 2 18Sentence 3 19Sentence 5 20Sentence 7

Now describe the photo 🧭

Use: behind · on top of · to the left · to the right · under

Phần 6/6 · EXTRA · Grammar B2 · Fix the adverb · câu 21–24

Game 2b · after be, before other verbs

Fix the adverb of frequency ⛓

Chọn câu đúng — A, B hay C. Nhớ: SAU be, TRƯỚC động từ khác.

Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.

21My grandfather ___ tired after lunch. A · always isB · is alwaysC · always be

22We ___ to the museum on Sundays. A · often goB · go oftenC · are often go

23___, I take the bus to school. A · NeverB · AlwaysC · Sometimes

24The East River ___ in summer. A · freezes neverB · never freezesC · never is freeze

✍️ Bài về nhà

📚 Bài tập về nhà · Lesson 2

Trước buổi học sau…

📚 Việc cần làm ở nhà

📒 Ghi vào vở: từ vựng + ngữ pháp (chép tay)

🔁 Làm lại các câu em làm sai

⭐ Làm phần Extra

✍️ Viết bài về nhà rồi bấm nộp

🃏 Học từ vựng bài mới

✍️ Bài viết về nhà · bắt buộc ⭐

✍️ Hoàn thành đoạn văn miêu tả nơi em thích — một nơi, sắp xếp theo không gian, có ít nhất hai trạng từ chỉ tần suất.

👋 Hẹn gặp em ở Bài 3 — Apply Your Skills: The Chunnel! ✍️

Viết đoạn văn của em ở đây rồi bấm nộp

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